abstract：:This paper represents a personal reflection on what is needed worldwide to prevent child injuries. It repeats messages that have been frequently delivered in the past. The main points are: first, the need for everyone to accept the view that, ultimately, injuries are a health problem and health departments must view t...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Pless IB

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper examines two innovative educational initiatives for the Ecuadorian public health workforce: a Canadian-funded Masters programme in ecosystem approaches to health that focuses on building capacity to manage environmental health risks sustainably; and the training of Ecuadorians at the Latin American School o...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Parkes MW,Spiegel J,Breilh J,Cabarcas F,Huish R,Yassi A

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To document the inclusion of key medicines for children in national essential medicines lists (EMLs) and standard treatment guidelines, and to assess the availability and cost of these medicines in 14 countries in central Africa. METHODS:Surveys were conducted in 12 public and private sector medicine outlets...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Robertson J,Forte G,Trapsida JM,Hill S

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To highlight the complications involved in interpreting laboratory tests of measles immunoglobulin M (IgM) for confirmation of infection during a measles outbreak in a highly vaccinated population after conducting a mass immunization campaign as a control measure. METHODS:This case study was undertaken in th...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Hyde TB,Nandy R,Hickman CJ,Langidrik JR,Strebel PM,Papania MJ,Seward JF,Bellini WJ

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate the validity (sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values) of a clinical algorithm as used by community health workers (CHWs) to detect and classify neonatal illness during routine household visits in rural Bangladesh. METHODS:CHWs evaluated breastfeeding and symptoms an...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Darmstadt GL,Baqui AH,Choi Y,Bari S,Rahman SM,Mannan I,Ahmed AS,Saha SK,Rahman R,Chang S,Winch PJ,Black RE,Santosham M,El Arifeen S,Bangladesh Projahnmo-2 (Mirzapur) Study Group.

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To explore factors associated with household coping behaviours in the face of health expenditures in 15 African countries and provide evidence for policy-makers in designing financial health protection mechanisms. METHODS:A series of logit regressions were performed to explore factors correlating with a grea...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Leive A,Xu K

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Health technology assessment (HTA) is the multidisciplinary study of the implications of the development, diffusion and use of health technologies. It supports health-policy decisions by providing a joint knowledge base for decision-makers. To increase its policy relevance, HTA tries to extend beyond effectiveness and...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Saarni SI,Hofmann B,Lampe K,Lühmann D,Mäkelä M,Velasco-Garrido M,Autti-Rämö I

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 7-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was licensed in the United States of America in 2000, but no comprehensive postmarketing review of safety has been carried out. We conducted a systematic review of the safety of PCV7 and other pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. A total of 42 studies...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Destefano F,Pfeifer D,Nohynek H

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：PROBLEM:As national antiretroviral treatment (ART) programmes scale-up, it is essential that information is complete, timely and accurate for site monitoring and national planning. The accuracy and completeness of reports independently compiled by ART facilities, however, is often not known. APPROACH:This study assess...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Makombe SD,Hochgesang M,Jahn A,Tweya H,Hedt B,Chuka S,Yu JK,Aberle-Grasse J,Pasulani O,Bailey C,Kamoto K,Schouten EJ,Harries AD

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immunization service delivery support (ISDS) model was initiated in Andhra Pradesh, India, in November 2003 with the aim of strengthening immunization services through supportive supervision. The ISDS model involves a well-established supervision system built upon the existing health infrastructure. The objectives...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Suraratdecha C,Ramana CV,Kaipilyawar S,Krishnamurthy,Sivalenka S,Ambatipudi N,Gandhi S,Umashankar K,Cheyne J

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in eastern Europe. Since 1990, the incidence rates of TB have continued to increase in Belarus, the Russian Federation, the Ukraine and the central Asian republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Eastern Europe, and in particular the Russian Fede...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Atun R,Olynik I

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:In 2000, a referral hospital in the Gambia accepted a donation of oxygen concentrators to help maintain oxygen supplies. The concentrators broke down and were put into storage. A case study was done to find the reasons for the problem and to draw lessons to help improve both oxygen supplies and the success of...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Howie SR,Hill SE,Peel D,Sanneh M,Njie M,Hill PC,Mulholland K,Adegbola RA

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The success of primary health care programmes in Thailand over the past three decades can be attributed not only to medical advances but to the role of community health volunteers. Buddhist monks and their temples have been strongly involved in health promotion and education, particularly in remote, rural communities....

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Treerutkuarkul A

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Literature on human resources for health in Africa has focused on personal health services. Little is known about graduate public health education. This paper maps "advanced" public health education in Africa. Public health includes all professionals needed to manage and optimize health systems and the public...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Ijsselmuiden CB,Nchinda TC,Duale S,Tumwesigye NM,Serwadda D

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Delivery by a skilled birth attendant (SBA) serves as an indicator of progress towards reducing maternal mortality worldwide -- the fifth Millennium Development Goal. Though WHO tracks the proportion of women delivered by SBAs, we know little about their competence to manage common life-threatening obstetric ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Harvey SA,Blandón YC,McCaw-Binns A,Sandino I,Urbina L,Rodríguez C,Gómez I,Ayabaca P,Djibrina S,Nicaraguan Maternal and Neonatal Health Quality Improvement Group.

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：PROBLEM:In many countries, the tuberculosis (TB) annual case detection rate is below the target of 70%. In the Lao People's Democratic Republic in 2005, it did not exceed 55% APPROACH:The DOTS strategy promotes passive case detection of TB. In order to increase the detection rate, we validated a questionnaire targetin...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Odermatt P,Nanthaphone S,Barennes H,Chanthavysouk K,Tran DS,Kosanouvong B,Keola S,Mathouchanh P,Choumlivong K,Keoluangkhot V,Phoumindr N,Nanthanavone S,Phrommala S,Degrémont A,Strobel M

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To perform a comprehensive assessment of maternal mortality in Argentina, the ultimate purpose being to strengthen the surveillance system and reorient reproductive health policies to prevent maternal deaths. METHODS:Our multicentre population-based study combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Ramos S,Karolinski A,Romero M,Mercer R,Maternal Mortality in Argentina Study Group.

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma japonicum infection and associated morbidity, and to estimate the infected human and buffalo populations in the Dongting Lake region, Hunan province, China. METHODS:We used data from the third national schistosomiasis periodic epidemiological survey (P...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Balen J,Zhao ZY,Williams GM,McManus DP,Raso G,Utzinger J,Zhou J,Li YS

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To ascertain the reliability of applying the WHO Cardiovascular Risk Management Package by non-physician health-care workers (NPHWs) in typical primary health-care settings. METHODS:Based on an a priori 80% agreement level between the NPHWs and the "expert" physicians (gold standard), 649 paired (matched) ap...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Abegunde DO,Shengelia B,Luyten A,Cameron A,Celletti F,Nishtar S,Pandurangi V,Mendis S

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：PROBLEM:In 1999, a tuberculosis (TB) crisis was declared in the Western Pacific Region. APPROACH:In response, WHO established the Stop TB Special Project, which sought to halve 2000 levels of TB prevalence and mortality by 2010 through first reaching the global 2005 TB targets. LOCAL SETTING:Particular issues in the ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： van Maaren P,Tomas B,Glaziou P,Kasai T,Ahn D

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine infant feeding intentions of HIV-infected and uninfected women and the appropriateness of their choices according to their home resources; and to determine their adherence to their intentions in the first postnatal week. METHODS:Feeding intentions of pregnant women were compared against four resou...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Bland RM,Rollins NC,Coovadia HM,Coutsoudis A,Newell ML

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:International health policy-makers now have a variety of institutional instruments with which to pursue their global and national health goals. These instruments range from the established formal multilateral organizations of the United Nations to the newer restricted-membership institutions of the Group of Eight (G8)...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Kirton JJ,Roudev N,Sunderland L

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine if higher fertility and lower contraceptive use among the poorer segments of society should be considered an inequality, reflecting a higher desire for large families among the poor, or an inequity, a product of the poor being prevented from achieving their desired fertility to the same degree as...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Gillespie D,Ahmed S,Tsui A,Radloff S

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：PROBLEM:The potential for misidentification of trial participants, leading to misclassification, is a threat to the integrity of randomized controlled trials. The correct identification of study subjects in large trials over prolonged periods is of vital importance to those conducting clinical trials. Currently used me...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： SonLa Study Group.

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the demographic and health impact of deploying health service nurses and volunteers to village locations with a view to scaling up results. METHODS:A four-celled plausibility trial was used for testing the impact of aligning community health services with the traditional social institutions that...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Phillips JF,Bawah AA,Binka FN

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The public sector in developing countries is increasingly contracting with the non-state sector to improve access, efficiency and quality of health services. We conducted a multicountry study to assess the range of health services contracted out, the process of contracting and its influencing factors in ten countries ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Siddiqi S,Masud TI,Sabri B

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To quantify long-term health service use (HSU) following non-fatal injury in adults. METHODS:A retrospective, population-based, matched cohort study identified an inception cohort (1988-91) of injured people who had been hospitalized (ICD-9-CM 800-995) aged 18-64 years (n = 21 032) and a matched non-injured ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Cameron CM,Purdie DM,Kliewer EV,McClure RJ

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the rates, timing and causes of neonatal deaths and the burden of stillbirths in rural Uttar Pradesh, India. We discuss the implications of our findings for neonatal interventions. METHODS:We used verbal autopsy interviews to investigate 1048 neonatal deaths and stillbirths. FINDINGS:There were 43...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Baqui AH,Darmstadt GL,Williams EK,Kumar V,Kiran TU,Panwar D,Srivastava VK,Ahuja R,Black RE,Santosham M

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:New global public health institutions are increasingly emphasizing transparency in decision-making, developing-country ownership of projects and programmes, and merit- and performance-based funding. Such principles imply an institutional response to the challenge of bridging the "know-do gap", by basing decisions expl...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： van Kerkhoff L,Szlezák N

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:We aimed to determine the burden of bacillary dysentery in China, its cross-regional variations, trends in morbidity and mortality, the causative bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance patterns. METHODS:We extracted and integrated governmental statistics and relevant medical literature published from...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Wang XY,Tao F,Xiao D,Lee H,Deen J,Gong J,Zhao Y,Zhou W,Li W,Shen B,Song Y,Ma J,Li ZM,Wang Z,Su PY,Chang N,Xu JH,Ouyang PY,von Seidlein L,Xu ZY,Clemens JD

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To establish a surveillance network for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk factors in industrial settings and estimate the risk factor burden using standardized tools. METHODS:We conducted a baseline cross-sectional survey (as part of a CVD surveillance programme) of industrial populations from 10 companies ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Reddy KS,Prabhakaran D,Chaturvedi V,Jeemon P,Thankappan KR,Ramakrishnan L,Mohan BV,Pandav CS,Ahmed FU,Joshi PP,Meera R,Amin RB,Ahuja RC,Das MS,Jaison TM

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Purchase price report released in August 2004 by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (Global Fund) was the first publication of a significant amount of real transaction purchase data for antiretrovirals (ARVs). We did an observational study of the ARV transaction data in the Purchase price rep...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Vasan A,Hoos D,Mukherjee JS,Farmer PE,Rosenfield AG,Perriëns JH

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:Most data on self-poisoning in rural Asia have come from secondary hospitals. We aimed to: assess how transfers from primary to secondary hospitals affected estimates of case-fatality ratio (CFR); determine whether there was referral bias according to gender or poison; and estimate the annual incidence of al...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Eddleston M,Sudarshan K,Senthilkumaran M,Reginald K,Karalliedde L,Senarathna L,de Silva D,Rezvi Sheriff MH,Buckley NA,Gunnell D

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To review the quality of the coding of the cause of death (COD) statistics and assess the mortality information needs of the City of Cape Town. METHODS:Using an action research approach, a study was set up to investigate the quality of COD information, the accuracy of COD coding and consistency of coding pra...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Bradshaw D,Groenewald P,Bourne DE,Mahomed H,Nojilana B,Daniels J,Nixon J

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Individual patient care and programme evaluation are pivotal for the success of antiretroviral treatment programmes in resource-limited countries. While computer-aided documentation and data storage are indispensable for any large programme, several important issues need to be addressed including which data are to be ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Bussmann H,Wester CW,Ndwapi N,Vanderwarker C,Gaolathe T,Tirelo G,Avalos A,Moffat H,Marlink RG

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Rubella vaccine is not included in the immunization schedule in Myanmar. Although surveillance for outbreaks of measles and rubella is conducted nationwide, there is no routine surveillance for congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Therefore, we organized a study to assess the burden of CRS. METHODS:From 1 Dece...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Thant KZ,Oo WM,Myint TT,Shwe TN,Han AM,Aye KM,Aye KT,Moe K,Thein S,Robertson SE

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To measure the socioeconomic inequality in infant mortality in Iran (the Islamic Republic of Iran). METHODS:We analysed data from the provincially representative Demographic and Health Survey, which was done in Iran in 2000. We used a dichotomous hierarchical ordered probit model to develop an indicator of s...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Hosseinpoor AR,Mohammad K,Majdzadeh R,Naghavi M,Abolhassani F,Sousa A,Speybroeck N,Jamshidi HR,Vega J

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate incidence of shigellosis in the Kaengkhoi district, Saraburi Province, Thailand. METHODS:Population-based surveillance of shigellosis based in treatment centres. The detected rates of treated shigellosis were corrected for the number of cases missed due to the low sensitivity of microbiological c...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Chompook P,Samosornsuk S,von Seidlein L,Jitsanguansuk S,Sirima N,Sudjai S,Mangjit P,Kim DR,Wheeler JG,Todd J,Lee H,Ali M,Clemens J,Tapchaisri P,Chaicumpa W

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article describes the essential components of oral health information systems for the analysis of trends in oral disease and the evaluation of oral health programmes at the country, regional and global levels. Standard methodology for the collection of epidemiological data on oral health has been designed by WHO ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Petersen PE,Bourgeois D,Bratthall D,Ogawa H

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Registration of births, recording deaths by age, sex and cause, and calculating mortality levels and differentials are fundamental to evidence-based health policy, monitoring and evaluation. Yet few of the countries with the greatest need for these data have functioning systems to produce them despite legislation prov...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Setel PW,Sankoh O,Rao C,Velkoff VA,Mathers C,Gonghuan Y,Hemed Y,Jha P,Lopez AD

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00